Radiofrequency Ablation for Spine Pain: When Do You Need It and How Does It Work?

What Is Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)?

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive procedure used to reduce chronic pain, particularly in the spine, by targeting specific nerves that transmit pain signals. By using heat generated from radio waves, RFA disrupts these nerve pathways, providing long-lasting pain relief without the need for major surgery or long-term medication use.

When Do You Need Radiofrequency Ablation?

You may be a candidate for RFA if you experience persistent spine pain that has not responded to conservative treatments such as physical therapy, medications, or injections. It is most commonly recommended for:

• Facet Joint Pain: Pain originating from the small joints in the spine due to arthritis or degeneration.

• Sacroiliac Joint Pain: Pain in the lower back or buttocks caused by dysfunction in the sacroiliac joint.

• Chronic Lower Back or Neck Pain: Often caused by degenerative disc disease or osteoarthritis.

• Failed Response to Other Treatments: If steroid injections provide only temporary relief, RFA may offer a longer-lasting solution.

A diagnostic nerve block is typically performed first to determine if the pain is coming from the targeted nerves. If significant pain relief occurs after this test, RFA may be an effective treatment option.

How Does Radiofrequency Ablation Work?

The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis, meaning you can go home the same day. It involves the following steps:

1. Preparation: The patient lies on an X-ray table, and the skin over the treatment area is cleaned and numbed with a local anesthetic.

2. Guided Needle Insertion: Using fluoroscopic (X-ray) guidance, the doctor inserts a thin needle near the targeted nerve.

3. Nerve Testing: A small electrical current is applied to confirm the correct nerve and ensure the nearby muscles are not affected.

4. Radiofrequency Heating: Once the correct position is confirmed, radio waves generate heat, creating a small lesion on the nerve that disrupts pain signals.

5. Completion: The procedure typically takes 30–60 minutes, and patients can usually walk out of the clinic shortly afterward.

What to Expect After the Procedure?

• Pain Relief Timeline: Some patients experience immediate relief, while others may take 1–3 weeks for full benefits.

• Duration of Relief: Pain relief can last from 6 months to 2 years, depending on nerve regeneration.

• Recovery: Mild discomfort, swelling, or soreness at the injection site is normal but usually resolves within a few days.

Conclusion

Radiofrequency ablation is a highly effective treatment for spine pain caused by nerve-related issues. If chronic back or neck pain is interfering with your daily life and other treatments have failed, RFA may be an excellent option to consider. Consult with a pain specialist to determine if this procedure is right for you.